Analysis of the implementation of the state program for the development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia in its main areas
state program agro-industrial complex
Introduction
Fundamentals of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation
1 Modern agro-industrial complex - concept, structure
2 The state of the agro-industrial complex on the eve of transformations
Development of the agro-industrial complex within the framework of the priority national program
1 Goals and objectives of the state program "Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex"
2 The main directions of the implementation of the priority program, support tools
2.2 Creation of general conditions for the functioning of agriculture
2.3 Development of priority industries
2.5 Regulation of the market for agricultural products and food
Implementation of the State Program in the Kirov Region
Conclusion
Bibliographic list
Annex A
Annex B
Appendix C
Introduction
Russian agro-industrial production in general and agriculture, as the basis of the agro-industrial complex, being the largest sector, occupies a special position in the state economy. Over the past decade, economic growth has been observed in this industry, however, the backlog from the pace of development of the economy as a whole has not been overcome. Agriculture, dependent on natural factors and having a pronounced seasonal, cyclical nature of production, is slower than other industries to adapt to changing economic and technological conditions. With the integration of Russian agriculture into the global economy, the increased degree of lagging behind the domestic agro-industrial complex from the world's leading food producers in all components of scientific and technological development becomes more and more tangible. Financial instability of the industry, due to the instability of the markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food; shortage of qualified personnel caused by the low level and quality of life in rural areas; unfavorable general conditions for the functioning of agriculture, first of all, the unsatisfactory level of development of market infrastructure, which makes it difficult for agricultural producers to access the markets of financial, material, technical and information resources, finished products - precisely because of these circumstances, creating conditions for the sustainable development of rural areas, accelerating the pace the growth of agricultural production on the basis of increasing its competitiveness has become a priority in the agrarian economic policy of the state. The priority national project "Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex" has become an accelerator of positive processes in this area. Its implementation demonstrated the enormous potential of Russian agriculture and helped to stimulate the development of entrepreneurship in the countryside. For the first time, clear legal foundations for the implementation of agrarian policy were established as an integral part of the socio-economic policy of the state, covering the development of agriculture and rural areas, the main directions of this policy, its goals, principles, mechanisms and forms of state support were determined. Further development of the situation will depend entirely on the effectiveness of agricultural policy, its adaptation to rapidly changing conditions, the ability to turn the agricultural sector into a national priority, to make food an integral part of Russian exports, a competitive advantage in world markets.
The purpose of this work is to analyze the implementation of the state program for the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex in its main areas.
The purpose of the work is specified in the following tasks: - to analyze the current state of affairs in the agro-industrial complex of Russia; identify key development issues; - determine the goals and objectives of the state program for the development of agriculture; - disclose the content of the main directions of the implementation of the priority state program
analyze the conditions and activities of the State Program in the Kirov region;
The relevance of the study of numerous aspects of the development of the agro-industrial complex and the agro-food market is also determined by the ability to analyze recent activities directly related to the functioning of the agro-industrial complex, the formation and improvement of market relations in the agrarian sector of the economy, on the way to achieving the goals of the state program by 2012.
1. Fundamentals of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation
1 Modern agro-industrial complex - concept, structure
The agro-industrial complex, or agro-industrial complex for short, is a set of sectors of the national economy associated with the development of agriculture, servicing its production and bringing agricultural products to the consumer. The agro-industrial complex, being an integral part of the country's economy, is subject to the general laws of economic development and, at the same time, is distinguished by specific features due to the high social significance of its products. The term "agro-industrial complex" came into circulation in the mid-seventies, by which time it had formed as a whole. The formation of the agro-industrial complex was historically caused by the scientific and technological revolution, the penetration of its achievements into agriculture, and the strengthening of ties between agriculture and industry. The agro-industrial complex includes three main areas.
The first sphere consists of industries that provide the agro-industrial complex with the means of production, as well as those engaged in the production and technical services of agriculture. This area includes: tractor and agricultural engineering, engineering for livestock and fodder production, food engineering, the production of specialized vehicles, reclamation equipment, the production of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products, the microbiological industry, capital construction in the agro-industrial complex, the repair of agricultural machinery. The sectors included in the first sphere of the agro-industrial complex are designed to provide resources for the production process, create a basis for the industrialization of agriculture and contribute to the normal functioning of all parts of the complex. The rhythm, flow and mass production of agricultural products and the final product as a whole largely depend on their activities. The share of the first sphere of the agro-industrial complex accounts for almost 15% of the total volume of manufactured products, 13% of production assets and 22% of the number of employees.
The second sphere of the agro-industrial complex includes enterprises and organizations directly involved in the production of agricultural products. There are two main sectors - crop production and animal husbandry, which are also subdivided. In crop production, there are: vegetable growing, horticulture, grain production, cotton growing, flax growing, etc. As part of animal husbandry, branches are distinguished by animal species: cattle breeding, pig breeding, sheep breeding, and poultry farming. Along with this, livestock industries are distinguished by the nature of their products: dairy cattle breeding, meat and wool sheep breeding, etc. Agricultural products cannot be reproduced in other areas or replaced by other types of products.
The second sphere of the agro-industrial complex produces almost 48% of the final product. More than 68% of production assets and 60% of the number of employees are involved in it.
The third area of the agro-industrial complex includes industries and enterprises that provide procurement, processing of agricultural products and bringing it to the consumer. Food and flavoring, meat and dairy, fish, flour and cereals, feed industries are concentrated here. This area partially includes the light industry for the processing of agricultural raw materials. The branches of the third sphere of the agro-industrial complex provide the primary industrial processing of agricultural raw materials, their harvesting and storage, as well as the secondary processing of raw materials and bringing them to readiness for sale to the population. They also carry out the delivery of finished products to the places of storage and sale. The standard of living of the population of the country depends on the state and pace of development of the agro-industrial complex and especially the third sphere - the food and processing industry. The share of industries and enterprises of the third sphere of the agro-industrial complex accounts for 38% of the total production volume, 19% of all production assets and 18% of the number of employees.
Thus, in addition to agriculture, the agro-industrial complex includes industries that either supply it with the means of production and provide services, or procure, process its products, produce ready-to-eat food and non-food products from agricultural raw materials and bring them to the consumer.
According to the nature of the final product produced, the agro-industrial complex can be divided into a food complex and a complex of non-food products. The food complex includes the branches of agriculture and processing, which supply food to the population, as well as enterprises that supply the means of production to the first, engaged in the procurement and transportation of food products.
The main socio-economic goals of the development of the agro-industrial complex are:
achieving sustainable growth in agricultural production;
solving the food problem of the country and bringing the level of food consumption closer to scientifically based standards;
meeting the demand of the population for non-food products from agricultural raw materials;
restructuring of agro-industrial production to a predominantly intensive form of development, ensuring outstripping growth in the production of final products;
improving the use of resource potential and increasing on this basis the efficiency of production;
changing the structure of foreign trade turnover in order to gradually turn the country into an exporter of food products.
Improving the structure of the agro-industrial complex should be aimed at achieving the ultimate goal: ensuring a balanced development of its spheres and industries, with minimal labor and means of production, in order to increase the production of final products, fully meet the needs of the population, to solve the problem of providing the country with food and agricultural raw materials.
2 The current state of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation on the eve of transformations
Analyzing the general state of agriculture, it should be noted that the industry plays an important role not only in the economy and social life of the country. In general, the agro-industrial complex, according to experts, produces about 8.5% of the gross domestic product, of which 4.4% is produced in agriculture. More than 7 million people are employed here (almost 11% of the employed in the entire economy), 3.4% of fixed production assets are concentrated. As you know, Russia has one of the largest agricultural potential in the world. Russia's share in world agricultural production is somewhat lower: about 5% of milk is produced; cereals and legumes 3%; meat 2%.
If we talk about economic growth in agriculture, then, as in the economy as a whole, it continues. Although ten years ago, the agro-industrial complex of Russia was in a deep crisis due to the accumulated problems of its functioning: a decline in production, a reduction in acreage, livestock, which occurred as a result of the instability of production and economic relations, inflation, and the rise in the cost of credit agricultural land. Unfavorable general conditions for the functioning of agriculture persist. Namely, the level of development of market infrastructure is unsatisfactory, production assets are worn out, prices for the main resources consumed by the industry, and above all, energy resources, are growing at a faster pace. An equally important problem is the financial instability of the industry, due to the instability of income, insufficient inflow of private investment. The access of agricultural producers to the markets of financial and information resources is difficult. The proportion of unprofitable enterprises is high. Profitability in agriculture is lower than in other sectors of the economy, and the risks, for obvious reasons, are higher. The social problems of the countryside are especially acute. The salary in agriculture is only 40% of the average in the country's economy. This is much lower than in other states. It is bad that in this respect we are lagging behind not only developed countries, but even neighboring countries - Kazakhstan, Ukraine and Belarus.
Before the transformations in the countryside, the socio-demographic situation was very difficult and was characterized by:
decline in the rural population due to high natural decline, migration losses. This is especially true for young people. Therefore, the provision of the village with qualified personnel, both at the managerial level and with workers of mass professions, remains low.
the dominance of the process of depopulation of rural areas, leading to structural changes in the system of rural settlement towards an increase in the number of the smallest (up to 10 people) and large (over 2 thousand people) settlements, while reducing the number of rural settlements in all other population groups. In the period between the last two population censuses (1989 and 2002), the rural settlement network decreased by 10.7 thousand settlements (7.5%). The number of settlements without permanent residents increased by 40% and reached 13.1 thousand against 9.4 thousand in 1989, and their share increased from 5.8 to 8.4%;
persistence of low incomes of rural households and a widening gap in living standards between urban and rural areas, low wages in agriculture compared to the average for the economy;
an increase in the gap in the scale of the spread of poverty in urban and rural areas, characterized by the share of the population with disposable resources (cash income) that is 2 or more times lower than the subsistence level.
In order to solve these and other urgent problems, a draft State program for the development of agriculture and the regulation of resource markets was developed. In general, we can talk about the unconditional validity of an agrarian policy focused on reducing the cost of importing food products and channeling the released financial resources to the modernization and renewal of the domestic agro-industrial complex, strengthening the industrial and social infrastructure of the Russian village. Such a strategic maneuver, relying on its own strength, should allow our country to embark on the path of getting rid of its long-term food dependence, to better use one of the most powerful resource potentials in the world for the effective development of its agricultural production.
2. Development of the agro-industrial complex within the framework of the priority national program
1 Goals and objectives of the priority program
The priority national project "Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex" became the basis and accelerator for the adoption of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2008-2012, and all agricultural policy became a priority in the country's socio-economic policy. The program addresses not only issues of agricultural production, but also social development villages. Three main goals are identified as priority for a five-year period within the framework of the State Program: ensure the sustainable development of rural areas; increase employment and living standards of the rural population; increasing the competitiveness of Russian agricultural products on the basis of financial stability and modernization of agriculture, as well as on the basis of the accelerated development of priority sub-sectors of agriculture;. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to solve the following main tasks (priority areas): As a result of the implementation of the State Program, the basic indicators of the socio-economic development of agriculture should improve significantly. Their actual dynamics and forecast are given (see Appendix A. Table 1). The state program, still adhering to the program-target approach in implementation, left federal and departmental target programs as an integral part, showing that agricultural policy is coordinated at the level of regions and the federal center. According to the parameters of the State Program, the amount of funding for the agro-industrial complex from the federal budget for five years will amount to just over 551 billion rubles. Approximately the same volume is provided for co-financing from the regions. Thus, the consolidated support for agriculture over five years will amount to about 1.1 trillion rubles. Over 50% of this amount will be spent on achieving the financial sustainability of the industry, about 20% - on the sustainable development of rural areas, 1% - on the regulation of the agricultural and food market (see Appendix A. Table 2.) It was planned that in five years the production of agricultural products would increase by 24%, private investment would increase 1.6 times, and the incomes of the population of rural areas would increase by more than 2 times. 3.5 billion rubles are planned for crop insurance under the State Program, which will reduce the risks in agricultural production. In addition, the program provides for 5.5 billion rubles. to cover the risks associated with the outpacing growth in gas and electricity prices. In addition, the State Program includes a set of measures to upgrade and modernize fixed assets, reduce risks in agriculture: subsidizing insurance, financial recovery of agricultural producers, maintaining price parity. It is assumed that the growth rate in agriculture should increase to 4% per year, and in livestock - up to 5%. This is especially important because corresponds to the increase in demand in the meat and dairy markets and is aimed at realizing the task of improving the quality of nutrition of our citizens. The revival of the investment process will allow, in particular, to increase the pace of renewal of the main types of agricultural machinery. The intention to double the disposable resources of households in rural areas will have a positive impact on the growth of employment and incomes of the rural population, and the solution of social problems. An important direction in the State Program is to attract business and private investment in agriculture. This will modernize agriculture not only technologically, but also organizationally, and make it competitive. The program includes an integrated approach to the development of agriculture, that is, support for all areas, including the introduction of new technologies and crop insurance. As a result, the program is aimed at increasing the growth rate and competitiveness of the industry, creating a number of basic prerequisites for the sustainable development of rural areas. 2.2 Main directions of the implementation of the priority program, support tools The Program fixes for five years specific parameters of financial support for the industry, mechanisms and indicators for the implementation of measures, including measures of customs tariff and antimonopoly regulation, tax policy. Thus, a whole new strategy for the development of agriculture in 2008-2012 was developed. In total, the program includes five sections: the sustainable development of rural areas, the creation of general conditions for the functioning of agriculture, the development of priority sub-sectors, the achievement of financial sustainability of the agro-industrial complex and the regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets. I would like to dwell on the first direction in more detail. 2.1 Sustainable rural development a set of measures to increase the level of development of social infrastructure and engineering arrangement of rural settlements; a set of measures to improve the living conditions of the rural population on the basis of grants; a set of measures to increase employment and incomes of the rural population based on the development of traditional agricultural and non-agricultural activities. In general, these measures are aimed at improving the quality of the social environment and living conditions of the rural population by increasing the availability and quality of services provided in the field of education, healthcare, culture, raising the level of engineering and housing facilities, and developing transport and energy infrastructure in rural areas. Over the five years of the State Program implementation, it is planned to increase the commissioning and purchase of housing by 3.7 times compared to 2006, to bring the provision of high-quality drinking water to 66% and to increase the level of gasification in rural areas to 60%. (22) Measures to improve the living conditions of the main category of the rural population are carried out on the basis of the development of a system of mortgage lending, with the involvement of federal budget funds to reimburse part of the cost of paying interest on mortgage loans. Young professionals are given the opportunity to use the mechanism of mortgage lending provided for in the current Rules. The mortgage loan is supposed to be provided for the following purposes: acquisition of finished housing in rural areas; creation of an object of individual housing construction in rural areas, including the completion of previously begun; acquisition of residential premises through participation in the shared construction of an apartment building in a rural area. Measures to provide housing for young professionals are carried out until 2012. The volume of financing for measures to develop the social and engineering infrastructure of the village at the expense of the federal budget (See Appendix B in Table 3) The system of state support measures, which forms the second direction of an integrated approach to the development of rural areas, should contribute to overcoming the difficult social situation in the countryside - this is the improvement of the social environment and the improvement of the quality of life of the rural population. The residual principle of financing the rural social sphere that prevailed over the past several decades, carried out by the government to eliminate “unpromising” villages, led to a large-scale reduction in social facilities, a decrease in the territorial accessibility of educational, medical, cultural, and consumer services for the rural population. For 17 years, the number of schools decreased by 12 thousand (25%), kindergartens - by 21.5 thousand (53%), district hospitals - by 4.3 thousand, clubs - by 44 thousand (30%). To improve the level and quality of life of the rural population, a grant system has been adopted aimed at preserving and developing local social infrastructure, developing physical culture and sports, youth leisure, developing folk art, amateur art, and providing non-agricultural employment for the rural population. Grant recipients can be public organizations of rural settlements, non-profit organizations operating in rural areas; state and municipal institutions, cultural centers and research organizations, territorial self-government bodies; municipal administrations. Only one project can be supported from each rural locality within the framework of the Program during the year. The amount of federal budget funds for the implementation of a project supported within the framework of the competition is determined depending on the category of a rural settlement in terms of the number of people living in it (See Appendix B, Table 4). The subjects of the Federation are involved in the process of implementing this area of the program in different ways due to differences in the levels of socio-economic development and budgetary security, systems of priorities for spending funds from regional budgets and the place among them of issues of social development of the village. The most active participants in the program events are the subjects of the Volga Federal District (Republics of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Mordovia, Chuvashia, Orenburg, Saratov, Ulyanovsk regions). Program activities are also successfully implemented in the regions of the Southern (Republic of Dagestan, Stavropol Territory, Rostov Region) and Siberian (Altai Territory, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Tomsk Regions) federal districts. Now the main task is to effectively implement the decisions taken on the basis of monitoring the ongoing changes, promptly responding to emerging difficulties and taking adequate measures to eliminate them. An essential condition for the integrated sustainable development of rural areas is to increase the level of knowledge and information available to the rural community. For these purposes, it is necessary to support and develop regional rural advisory services and centers in every possible way, which, as shown by foreign and domestic experience, can ensure the optimal organization of the activities of municipalities with the aim of sustainable development of the entire territory covered by their activities. The strategic goals of the work of such centers can be expressed in promoting the development of small and medium-sized rural businesses, developing and implementing a strategic plan for the development of the municipality, supporting initiatives and providing information and consulting assistance to business entities and citizens. The implementation of measures to strengthen the economy of the agrarian sector and sustainable development of rural areas contributed to improving the financial situation of rural households, increasing their provision with housing and the level of engineering equipment of the housing stock, partially compensating for the reduction in the network of social facilities, maintaining and creating new jobs in rural areas, attracting and securing in agriculture and the social sphere of the village of young professionals. However, the current rates of rural social development are not sufficient for cardinal changes in the conditions of life and a turning point in the demographic situation in rural areas and the provision of the agricultural sector with qualified personnel. The indicators of the number of social infrastructure facilities in the village continue to decline, the rural housing stock remains predominantly unfurnished, and the proportion of housing with a high percentage of wear and tear, dilapidated and emergency residential buildings is growing. 2.2.2 Creation of general conditions for the functioning of agriculture Agriculture is a branch of the economy that is subject to more risks than industry or the service sector, which affects the level of investment attractiveness - the level of investment resources inflow into agricultural production on the eve of the transformations remained extremely low. To change the situation of slowing down the growth of agricultural production, it was necessary to actively attract capital to the industry. In order to increase investment attractiveness, the program considered measures to create the necessary conditions for the effective functioning of agriculture: 1)measures to maintain soil fertility The main goal is to create conditions for increasing the production of high-quality agricultural products based on the restoration and improvement of soil fertility of agricultural land. A set of measures is being implemented within the framework of the federal target program "Preservation and restoration of soil fertility of agricultural lands and agricultural landscapes as a national treasure of Russia for 2006-2010 and for the period up to 2012". Federal budget funds allocated under the State Program for the reconstruction of inter-regional and inter-farm reclamation systems and separately located hydraulic structures are used for the technical re-equipment of federal property. At the same time, on-farm systems that are on the balance sheet of agricultural producers, due to the lack of their own financial resources, are being reconstructed at a slow pace, irrigation equipment is updated extremely slowly, and the technical deterioration of structures and equipment exceeds 80%. )measures to develop technical regulations that define the requirements for fixed and circulating assets of agricultural production and for finished products are designed to create conditions for regulatory support for the production of high-quality, safe for the life of the population, competitive agricultural products. The development of technical specifications for technical regulations is necessary for the functioning of the system of technical regulation of the industry. Reforming the system of standardization in agriculture, by organizing mechanisms for the development and implementation of national standards unified with international standards, should ensure the use of advanced technologies, methods of rational use of resources, technical and information compatibility. ) creation of a unified information support system for the agro-industrial complex - the main tasks of which are the formation of state information resources and the provision of state services for information support of agricultural producers based on the development of the information and telecommunication system of the agro-industrial complex of Russia, the automated information system of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, the information system on the markets of agricultural products, raw materials and food and remote monitoring systems for agricultural land. Agreements have been concluded with the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the implementation of the activities of the State Program in terms of the implementation of the department's target program "Creation of a Unified Information Support System for the Russian Agro-Industrial Complex (2008-2010)". As part of research and methodological work, it was supposed to: form a regulatory, technical, organizational and methodological basis for the use of information technologies in the field of agriculture. All these measures made it possible to systematize data, increase the efficiency of their processing, eliminate duplication of information and data incompatibility and provide convenient user access to various types of information, as well as create conditions for the wide dissemination and use of information support system tools in the preparation and decision-making at all levels of management. in the field of agriculture. In 2008, 66 regional agribusiness authorities (79.5%) used the functionality provided by the information support system, with a target of 30%. Provided the provision of public services to agricultural producers in electronic form 46 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, with the assignment - 42 regions. The most common services for the provision of regulatory documents for the registration of subsidies to compensate for part of the interest rates on loans and borrowings, information on prices and analytical reviews, background information on processing enterprises. Price monitoring of the agri-food market is carried out by 75% of the regions, 62% conduct remote monitoring of agricultural land, receiving information about the current (decade) state of development of agricultural crops and forecasts of their yield. )the development of land mortgages is the most important condition for ensuring the access of agricultural producers to credit resources secured by land plots. The solution to this problem was supposed to be through the creation of a legislative and regulatory framework that made it possible to expand the possibilities for attracting mortgage loans from owners and users of agricultural land for mortgage lending; Increasing the awareness of agricultural producers about mortgage lending ) staffing and development of the information and consulting service of the agro-industrial complex. The purpose of the implementation of measures in this area is to expand the access of agricultural producers and the rural population to consulting services, improve the quality of retraining and qualification of specialists for agriculture. This direction is implemented by updating the educational and scientific equipment of educational institutions of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia by providing targeted funding, the formation of regional information and consulting systems (ICS) by providing targeted funding to educational institutions of higher and additional professional education of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia on a competitive basis, creating at the federal level educational and methodical centers. Agricultural consulting centers in 2008 operated in 58 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The regional level is represented by 56 counseling centers (the target indicator is 56 centers), the district level is represented by 443 centers of various organizational and legal forms. As part of the implementation of the FTP "Social development of the countryside until 2012", 262 regional centers were created in 29 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including 98 regional centers in 21 constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2008. To conduct training, retraining and advanced training of consultants in educational institutions of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, 27 regional educational and methodological centers have been established. 2.3 Development of priority sectors The main goal of the development of priority sub-sectors of agriculture is to equalize the imbalances that have arisen in the agri-food sector by supporting those industries that have potential advantages in the domestic or world market, but cannot fully realize this potential without state support and regulation. Such industries include industries with a long investment cycle and higher infrastructure requirements. State support measures in 2008-2012 are aimed at stabilizing the livestock of the main types of farm animals, as well as the livestock in the traditional livestock sectors - reindeer breeding, herd horse breeding, sheep breeding and goat breeding. Their development will allow not only to increase the production of certain types of meat, but also to support the preservation of the traditional way of life and employment of the peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East. In order to provide agricultural producers with domestic breeding animals and reduce their import supplies, it is necessary to strengthen the existing breeding base. By 2012, the breeding base of Russia should ensure the share of breeding stock in the total number of farm animals up to 13 percent. The main measures in animal husbandry were aimed at increasing the production of meat and milk. For these types of products, there is the greatest lag behind the recommended consumption rates and a high share of imports. In 2008, it was not possible to stop the decline in the number of cattle. To support the development of the industry, a sectoral target program for 2009-2012 was adopted. In some regions of the country, work has begun on breeding meat breeds of cattle. In a number of regions, the performance results are not so significant, since the processes of technical and technological modernization are slowly being carried out in them, innovations are local in nature due to the fact that insufficient funds are allocated for comprehensive modernization, both by the producers themselves and from the budget. In most regions, the potential to increase meat production has not yet been fully tapped. The main increase in meat production in the country was obtained due to the work of the created capacities of industrial poultry farming and pig breeding, which provide the highest return on investment and all production activities. The development of these sub-sectors provides for the formation of agricultural holdings, which include all links in the chain from supplying agricultural producers with all the necessary resources to the sale of finished products, the creation of selection and breeding centers and the development of the necessary infrastructure. In pig breeding, a developing industry in the Kirov region, continued, launched within the framework of the priority national project "Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex", technical and technological modernization. Selection and breeding centers are being created, the share of pigs of meat breeds is increasing. The increase in poultry meat production is going on evenly in all federal districts, thereby ensuring its import substitution throughout the country. The main producers of milk are still the farms of the population, in which there are 52% of the number of all cows in the country. In crop production, the main program activities were aimed at realizing the country's potential in the domestic and world markets for grain, flax products, creating a fodder base for the development of animal husbandry, and reducing import dependence on sugar, vegetables and fruits. Assessing the results of the development of crop production, it should be noted that the industry turned out to be very responsive to positive economic changes in the conditions of its functioning, an increase in all types of products, especially grain, was achieved. At the same time, the tasks of the State Program for increasing production in flax growing, expanding crops in the regions of the Far North, increasing the gross harvest of rapeseed seeds, and laying vineyards have not been fully implemented. The reduction in forage crops continues, the structure of sown areas remains irrational, the potential of the most valuable irrigated and drained lands is not restored, the volumes of mineral and organic fertilizers are still extremely low. 2.4 Achieving the financial sustainability of agriculture The state program is tasked with stabilizing the financial situation in agriculture. The average profitability should be at the level of 10%, and the share of unprofitable farms should not exceed 30%. To solve it, measures are provided for budgetary and extrabudgetary support of agricultural producers, their financial recovery. The main indicators of financial stability are the growth of profits and profitability, the reduction of overdue debts of agricultural organizations. The purpose of measures to increase the attraction of agricultural producers of loans and loans is to increase the financial stability of the industry through the timely replenishment of working capital, renewal and modernization of fixed assets, development of primary processing of meat and milk in agriculture. In accordance with the State Program, the increase in the availability of loans to agricultural producers was ensured by the provision of subsidies from the federal budget to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to reimburse part of the cost of paying interest on loans received by agricultural organizations, peasant (farmer) households. In just a year, the volume of attracted loans on the terms of subsidizing the interest rate was significantly overfulfilled. One of the main agents of the state for credit support of the agro-industrial sector of the economy was OJSC Rosselkhozbank. Over the nine years of its operation, the bank has provided loans to agricultural enterprises and the rural population in the amount of 859 billion rubles, formed the second largest network of territorial divisions in Russia, including 78 regional branches, 1414 additional offices. In the second half of 2008, due to the crisis manifestations in the banking sector, the situation with the availability of credit resources for enterprises in the real sector of the economy and agriculture, among other things, aggravated, which resulted in a deterioration in the conditions for providing credit funds by banks, namely: an increase in interest rates on loan agreements to 18-20%, the fee for opening a credit line has been increased to 1%, mandatory collateral insurance for short-term loans has been introduced (previously this requirement applied only to long-term loans). Such a credit policy led to an increase in the expenses of enterprises for attracting and servicing loans and had a negative impact on their economic and financial condition. The purpose of the implementation of measures to improve the financial stability of small forms of farming in the countryside was to increase the production and sales of agricultural products produced by peasant (farm) and personal subsidiary plots, and to increase the income of the rural population. 2.2.5 Agricultural and food market regulation The main goal is to increase the competitiveness of domestic agri-food products, increase the share of Russian agricultural products, raw materials and food in the domestic market, smooth out seasonal fluctuations in prices for agricultural products, raw materials and food, as well as create conditions for increasing the export of agricultural products and developing commodity distribution infrastructure in the domestic market . This direction is extremely relevant today in the context of Russia's accession to the WTO, because it is the interests of the agro-industrial complex that are most vulnerable here, and it is necessary to provide measures to protect domestic markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food products, to ensure stable price dynamics for agricultural products for producers and consumers. Therefore, such a customs and tariff policy was needed that would really form the regime of fair competition and sustainable development of domestic production. During the period of implementation of the Program, the share of domestic food products in the commodity resources of retail trade in food products was supposed to be increased by 2012 to 70 percent. Measures to regulate the grain market are aimed at stabilizing the grain market and increasing the competitiveness of Russian grain on the world market. Based on the conduct of state procurement and commodity interventions, as well as on the implementation of pledge transactions, it is necessary to smooth out seasonal fluctuations in prices for grain and its products for grain producers and consumers, increase the income of agricultural producers, stimulate the movement of grain from remote regions of the Russian Federation to regions of consumption . To increase the competitiveness of Russian meat products, it is necessary to solve the problems of improving the quality of domestic meat products, as well as maintaining the level of profitability of sales, which provides investments for the expanded production of meat products. Development of a predictive balance of demand and supply of meat by type (beef, pork, poultry meat) in order to optimally plan the structure of production and consumption and ensure the extension of the tariff quota mechanism for meat imports after 2009 is the main mechanism for implementing the program. The regulation of the sugar market is carried out by ensuring the growth of white sugar production from sugar beets to the level of maximum self-sufficiency in sugar for the needs of the domestic market by reducing dependence on imported raw sugar, as well as creating conditions for improving the efficiency of the sugar beet complex and maintaining the profitability of sugar and beet raw materials producers. In general, over the past period, the share of domestic products in food resources on the market has increased, and the quality of certain types has improved. Unfortunately, the problem of relations between producers, processors and representatives of the wholesale and retail sector has not been resolved, small agricultural business still does not have access to consumers, as evidenced by what happened with dairy products this year. In 2010, the situation in agricultural production due to unfavorable natural and climatic conditions was of particular concern, and in the future, additional steps should be taken to support agricultural production. 3. Implementation of the program in the Kirov region To synchronize actions in the agrarian sector, both at the federal and regional levels, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation adopted their five-year programs for the development of agriculture, taking into account regional characteristics. In the Kirov region, great attention is paid to the implementation of the program, because the agro-industrial complex is an integral part of the region's economy. A significant part of the municipalities of the region has an agricultural specialization, respectively, the development of territories directly depends on the level of development of agriculture. Agriculture produces 13 percent of the gross regional product and provides employment for 12 percent of the working population. The share of tax revenues of enterprises of agriculture, food and processing industry is 15.6 percent in incoming tax payments. There are more than 2,000 enterprises and peasant (farm) enterprises in the industry, 400,000 heads of cattle are kept, including 147,000 cows, 185,000 pigs, 75,000 sheep and goats, 3 million poultry. State support for industry organizations is based on the implementation of regional targeted programs and activities. Since 2008, the implementation of the priority national project "Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex" in the Kirov Region has been carried out within the framework of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food Markets for 2008-2012 on the basis of Agreement No. 70/17 dated February 12, 2008 concluded between the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Kirov Region. I will dwell on the main directions of the program that have been developed in the Kirov region. First, it is the accelerated development of animal husbandry. Livestock occupies one of the leading places in the development of the agricultural sector of the economy of the Kirov region. Our region is an area of livestock breeding. Today there are 70 breeding organizations, including 43 breeding farms for dairy cattle breeding, which contain 37% of cows from the total number of dairy herds (Appendix C of Table 5). The main activities in animal husbandry are aimed at increasing the production of meat and milk. Development occurs through the construction, reconstruction and modernization of livestock complexes on the basis of 8-year investment loans subsidized by 2/3 of the refinancing rate of the Central Bank from the federal budget and 1/3 of the rate from the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, as well as the supply of breeding stock and equipment for animal husbandry. The increase in productivity is due to the launch of a number of dairy complexes, the introduction of new technologies, targeted breeding work, as well as the use of economic levers to stimulate the livestock industry. Since the beginning of the implementation of the priority national project "Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex", 45 agro-industrial complex enterprises from 21 districts of the region have concluded 53 loan agreements for an 8-year lending cycle for a total of 4 billion rubles. As part of the implementation of the national project, at the expense of attracted credit resources and own funds of agricultural enterprises, construction and reconstruction of livestock complexes is being carried out at 39 facilities. Significant volumes were spent on the construction of the two largest pig complexes in the region: in CJSC Agrofirma Doronichi (for 64 thousand heads) and in LLC Absolut-Agro of the Kirovo-Chepetsky district (for 48 thousand heads). Increasing the production of poultry meat JSC "Poultry Farm" Kostinskaya ", which has reconstructed buildings with a complete replacement of equipment. This will allow increasing poultry meat production at the poultry farm by 40% by the end of this year. In 2009, within the framework of the state program, construction, reconstruction and modernization of 6 livestock facilities were completed. At the same time, in the agricultural organizations of the region there is an increase in the volume of livestock production: livestock and poultry - by 6.7%, milk - by 2.8%, eggs - by 3.4%. The positive dynamics is shown by the pig breeding industry. Thus, the production of pigs for slaughter in the agricultural organizations of the region increased by 34% compared to the previous year. There was an increase in the productivity of the dairy herd in agricultural organizations. It is not possible to stop the reduction in the number of cattle, which, compared with 2009, in farms of all categories decreased by 17 thousand heads (by 6%) and amounted to 292.2 thousand heads. There is a faster decline in the number of livestock in the personal households of the population - 8% and peasant (private) farms - 37%. Complementing the first direction of the priority national project "Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex" is the acquisition by agricultural enterprises of the region of breeding animals and equipment for animal husbandry. In addition, with the attraction of investment loans, the process of technical renovation of the machine and tractor fleet and technological re-equipment of livestock facilities is underway. However, the problem of reducing the fleet of agricultural machinery remains. (See Appendix C Table 6) In crop production, elite seed production, the production of flax, rapeseed and the laying of perennial plantations have been identified as priority sectors for state support. In recent years, there has been a tendency to reduce sown areas in all categories of farms in the region. So in 2009, the area under crops decreased by 71.6 thousand hectares, or by 7.3% compared to the level of 2008. However, thanks to the technical re-equipment of the industry and the biologization of agriculture, 19.3 centners of grain were obtained from each hectare, an increase compared to the level of 2008 amounted to 3.8 centners. The increase in productivity was due to the introduction of modern resource-saving technologies, which are used on 50% of the area. The second direction - stimulating the development of small forms of management - has also been developed in the region. Implementation is carried out by increasing and reducing the cost of credit resources attracted by personal subsidiary plots, peasant farms and agricultural consumer cooperatives created by them, which makes it possible to increase the marketability of farms and the incomes of citizens employed in them. In general, we can say that the largest share in the structure of agricultural production is occupied by agricultural organizations. At the same time, in recent years their share has increased from 47.6% in 2006 to 61.3% in 2009, while the share of personal subsidiary plots has decreased by 13.4%. Peasant (farm) households do not occupy a significant share in the volume of gross agricultural output. This situation has developed due to the economic unprofitability of production due to low purchase prices, especially for milk and meat. In order to implement the direction of increasing the level of development of social infrastructure and engineering arrangement of rural settlements, the departmental target program "Social Development of the Village until 2012" is being implemented to improve the living conditions of citizens living in rural areas, including young families and young professionals, to develop water supply and gasification in rural areas. In 2009, 172 families living in rural areas and expressing a desire to improve their living conditions using state support funds built or purchased 11.4 thousand square meters of the total area of residential premises. However, in general, the increase in the rural population is not observed. As part of the implementation of the direction to achieve the financial sustainability of agriculture, the priority is to increase the availability of loans and the development of small business forms. The situation in this area is characterized by a slight decrease in the profitability of production and the share of profitable farms, the growth of overdue total debt on obligations in agriculture - this is how the economic crisis of 2008 affected. However, in terms of the volume of subsidized credits (loans) on the terms of interest rate reimbursement, the indicators were significantly overfulfilled. (See Appendix C, Table 6) Short-term loans with state support have also become widespread in the region for the purpose of purchasing fuel and lubricants, as well as mineral fertilizers and plant protection products for spring field and harvesting work. One of the main reasons for the low creditworthiness of small businesses (including agricultural consumer cooperatives) is the lack or complete absence of a collateral base. Within the framework of the direction, assistance is provided to the development of consumer cooperation, which allows for the real participation of small agricultural producers in strengthening the rural economy. As of January 1, 2010, 68 agricultural consumer credit cooperatives, 31 supply and marketing cooperatives, 14 processing cooperatives, 13 service cooperatives and 23 other agricultural consumer cooperatives were registered in the region. In 2009, 34 agricultural consumer cooperatives were registered, including 22 credit cooperatives. This work was carried out in the most organized manner in the Uninsky district. Much attention in the implementation of the program is paid to such a direction as the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food, aimed at increasing the competitiveness of goods and maintaining the profitability of agricultural producers - Agricultural raw materials and food produced in the Kirov region are mainly of regional importance. (Appendix C, Table 7) The analysis of the predicted parameters for the implementation of the State Program for 2010 showed the following: Taking into account the negative dynamics of milk and meat production in farms of all categories in recent years, it is predicted that the main targets for agricultural production will not be met (Appendix 3, Table 8). In 2010, it is predicted that the targets for the technical renewal of the main types of agricultural machinery will not be met. Under the current conditions, a decrease in investment activity should be expected and, as a result, the plan for the volume of investments in the fixed capital of agriculture will not be fulfilled. Conclusion The need to develop the State Program was determined by the exceptional importance of agriculture in providing the population with quality food, industry - with agricultural raw materials and in promoting the sustainable development of rural areas. Over the past years, there has been a new approach of the state to agriculture, as a promising and potentially high-tech sector of the economy, and to the village as a whole - as an important way of life for our people. For the first time, the State Program proposed a systematic approach to solving production, financial and social problems in agriculture, which should create prerequisites for reducing the poverty of the rural population and improving the country's food security. To date, only half of the way has been completed. Another National project in the field of agriculture in 2006-2007 was called one of the most difficult. But two years of work led Russian President Dmitry Medvedev to a simple thought: "There are no unpromising industries and sectors, but only unpromising methods of work, unwillingness to deal with what was seriously launched in the previous period." I believe that the state has done a lot, but it has not yet been possible to achieve exceptionally positive shifts in all areas of the State Program. Based on the analysis carried out, the following conclusions can be drawn: The priorities remain the tasks of increasing the efficiency of the funds invested by the state in the development of agro-industrial production, maximizing the momentum and volumes of the state program, achieving qualitative changes in the main industry areas; Over the past period, the share of domestic products in food resources on the market has increased, and the quality of its individual types has improved. The priority direction of activity is the construction and modernization of livestock complexes, which is also confirmed in our region. The availability of investment credit resources on favorable terms for a period of 8-10 years made it possible to ensure both the technical re-equipment of agricultural enterprises and the creation of new facilities for the production of products. The prospect of state support has appeared, it is determined for several years ahead. Thus, commodity producers get access to state subsidies, which, in particular, allows them to calculate their own development programs. The priority here is breeding and beef cattle breeding. Of course, the program for the development of the agro-industrial complex is in place, but so far the measures taken are clearly not enough. In the context of the financial and economic crisis, the problems associated with the development of the economic and social infrastructure of the village, ensuring employment and employment of rural youth have become noticeably aggravated. As before, rural settlements are united by typical problems: the insufficiency of the economic basis of municipalities for their sustainable and integrated socio-economic development; low level of own revenues of local budgets; demographic problems: declining birth rate, natural population decline, leaving rural areas, low attractiveness and prospects of life and work in the countryside. Thus, the issues of socio-economic development of rural areas remain extremely relevant. In some areas, production is falling. At the same time, agricultural producers are in need of loans, which have risen sharply in price due to the financial crisis. In 2010, the situation in agricultural production due to unfavorable natural and climatic conditions caused particular concern. The decline in agricultural production due to drought is projected at the end of 2010 at the level of 9-10 percent, therefore, in the future, it is planned to strengthen measures to upgrade and modernize fixed assets, reduce risks in agriculture, in particular subsidizing insurance. It can be summed up that the development of our country not only in the field of agriculture, but also in the agro-industrial complex as a whole, with competent, long-term planning, still requires a lot of effort and financial costs, however, this is quite an achievable prospect. Bibliographic list Official legislative documents 1. Decree of July 14, 2007 No. 446 "On the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food Markets for 2008 - 2012"<#"justify">Magazines and newspapers 4.Popova L. State regulation and price policy in the agro-industrial complex of Russia // Questions of Economics. - 2010. - N 7. - S.79-86. .Rau V.V. Perspective directions of development of the agro-industrial complex (through thorns to innovations) // Problems of forecasting. - 2010.- No. 1. - S. 63-77. 6. Skulskaya L.V., Shirokova T.K. On the problems of agricultural production and its staffing // Problems of forecasting (Electronic resource) - 2009. No. 4 Access mode<#"justify">Monographs, textbooks 12.Course of economic theory / Ed. Chepurina M.N., Kiseleva E.A. - Kirov. 2005 13. Minakov I.A. -Economics of Agroindustrial Complex / Textbook<#"justify">Electronic resources 15.<#"justify">Appendix A Table 1. Dynamics and forecast of agricultural development for 2008-2012 Main indicators ch.2006 report2007 estimate20082009201020112012 Index of agricultural production in all categories of farms (in comparable prices) in % of the previous year in % of the previous year103,7104,0104,8105,3105,0104,8104.9 Share of domestic food products in commodity resources of food retail trade%63,064,064,065,065,666,266.8 rub. per household member in a month. per year37,243,349,455,561,667,673.7 Involvement of unused farmland in agricultural turnover mln. ha 0.20.30.30.40.40.40.4 Main sections Base 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total for 2008-2012 2012 to 2007 Sustainable development of rural areas 5.48 7.34 19.03 25.12 29.60 31.28 112.37 5.7 times Creation of general conditions for the functioning of agriculture, including the maintenance of soil fertility 4.70 4.20 9.86 8.17 12.92 10.67 13.78 11.40 14.66 12.20 15.33 12.98 66.55 55.42 3.3 times 3 .1 times Development of priority sub-sectors of agriculture 8.50 13.73 15.41 14.11 14.37 15.04 72.66 1.8 times Achieving the financial sustainability of agriculture, including a set of measures to increase the availability of credit resources for agricultural organizations 45.43 19.79 44.00 25.28 51.28 36.46 65.62 46.90 64.94 50.54 66.85 52.08 292.69 211.26 1.5 times in 2.6 times Regulation of the agricultural and food market 1.30 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.43 1.50 7.01 115.4% TOTAL: 65.41 76.30 100.00 120.00 125 .00 130.00 551.30 2.0 times Annex B Table 3. Funding for measures to develop the social and engineering infrastructure of the village at the expense of the federal budget, million rubles Directions for 2008-2012 on the age of years 20082009201020102012 total1057770.187368,1216566.9025683.9025814.7330336.53V, including the Social Development of the Village until 2010 "32648,805888,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33, 75 of them: measures to develop housing construction in rural areas and provide affordable housing for young families and young professionals in rural areas ,423434.203530.103641.603823.674014.85 measures for the development of water supply in rural areas 70769.33807.80other measures included in the FTP "Social Development of the Rural Area until 2010" 13350.981868.121989.002996.93149.733347.23 including the Federal Target Program "Social Development of the Rural Area until 2010" 10585.851816.421938 .002275.332389.10 Table 4. The amount of federal budget funds for the provision of grants Categories of SNPs by populationFederal budget funds for grants Up to 100 peoplefrom 100 thousand rubles. up to 3 million rubles. From 100 to 1000 people from 1 to 10 million rubles. Over 1000 people from 1 to 20 million rubles. Annex C Table 5. Production of the main types of livestock products in the Kirov region (on farms of all categories; thousand tons) January-October 2010In % to January-October 2009Cattle and poultry for slaughter in live weight70.3102.1 Gross milk yield422.6100.4 Egg production, million pieces402.3106.6 2009 в % к 200820092010Тракторы всех марок9886907191,7Плуги2422211987,5Культиваторы2235201089,9Машины для посева2410215789,5Жатки валковые38032786,1Комбайны:зерноуборочные1713151688,5кормоуборочные63459193,2льноуборочные271866,7картофелеуборочные856981,2Доильные установки и агрегаты87581192,7
Table 7. Fulfillment of target indicators in terms of volumes of subsidized credits (loans) on terms of interest rate reimbursement in 2009 Target indicators Plan Fact Fulfillment, % Amount of subsidized credits (loans) - total, million rubles including: 4007.010778.6 2.7 times short-term credits (loans) 1417.03544.4 2.4 times investment credits (loans) 1990.07234, 2v 3.3 times Table 8. Sales in 2009 of own production in farms of all categories Name of indicators change 2008 2009 2009 in % to 2008 Cereals and leguminous crops - total thous. tons164,4194,0118Potatofelts. tons99,589,990Vegetablesth. tons17,718,4104Cattle and poultry (live weight) thous. tons78,981,5103Milk tons387.2399.5103 Eggs mln. pcs.393,9408,3104 Table 9. Achievement in the first half of 2010 of the main targets for the implementation of the State Program in the Kirov region № p \ p Name of indicators and indicators of the State ProgramTarget and control indicators provided for 2010actually achieved as of 07/01/2010 1Index of agricultural production in farms of all categories (in comparable prices), in % of the previous year of all categories (in comparable prices), in % of the previous year102.8102.13 Index of crop production in farms of all categories (in comparable prices) in % of the previous year101.7-4Index of the physical volume of investments in fixed capital of agriculture, in % of previous year110,257.45 Disposable resources of households in rural areas, rubles per household member per month89848034.66 Renewal rate of the main types of agricultural machinery in agricultural organizations, %: tractors combines grain harvesters forage harvesters2.5 4.0 4.00.5 1.0 2.67 Energy supply of agricultural organizations anizations per 100 ha of sown area (total rated power of engines of tractors, combines and self-propelled machines), hp 1521728 Labor productivity index in farms of all categories, in % of the previous yearSimilar works to - Analysis of the implementation of the state program for the development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia in its main areas
The agro-industrial complex today ensures the food security of the country, and also contributes to the development of agriculture. Agriculture is the second sphere of the agro-industrial complex and is the main component of the agro-industrial complex, in whose interests other spheres of the complex are organized, function and interact.
Agriculture is not only the main, defining element of the agro-industrial complex, but also its connecting link - even minor changes in the volume and structure of agricultural production can have a very significant impact on other areas of the agro-industrial complex.
In this regard, the problem of agricultural development is an urgent topic for scientific research. Let us analyze the main indicators of the development of agriculture over the past 5 years.
In the last five years, the Program for the Revival and Development of the Village was implemented. This is the largest investment project in the history of our country with a total value of 52.6 billion dollars. Taking into account the priorities of the development of the agro-industrial complex and in previous periods, the program made it possible to radically improve the life of the Belarusian village and create new competitive advantages for the country in international trade.
Belarus not only ensured its food security, but also became a prominent food exporter. Occupying 89th place in the world in terms of territory, the republic has taken 4th place in the export of milk, 6th in flax fiber, and is among the top 20 countries in the export of cheese, meat products and other food products.
Exports of agricultural products and the food industry in 2010 reached an all-time high of $3.3 billion and grew 2.1 times over the five-year period. Success in the implementation of the program is beyond doubt, but factor analysis shows that a number of important targets have not been achieved, the economy of the agro-industrial complex is in a difficult state.
In recent years, in the structure of gross domestic product, the share of agriculture in GDP does not exceed 8%. At the same time, the minimum value of this indicator was observed in 2007 and 2010. - 7.5% (Fig. 2.1)
Figure 2.1 - The share of individual sectors of the economy in the structure of GDP. Source:
Agriculture is characterized by an increase in production volumes at constant prices compared to the previous year for the entire period of the study. At the same time, in 2009, the growth rate of production volumes was reduced by such sectors as forestry, industry, transport, trade and public catering.
In the last 5 years, 9.7-10.5% of the employed population worked in agriculture. At the same time, there is a tendency to reduce the number of labor resources in agriculture by 2010. The largest number of people employed in agriculture fell on 2011. and amounted to 10.3% (Table 2.1).
Table 2.1 - Dynamics of the population employed in agriculture, thousand people
Source:
Studying the structure of fixed assets by sectors of the economy at their initial cost at the beginning of the year for the period 2006-2011, one can see that here the share of agriculture is 14.1-15.0%.
Since 2006, investment in fixed assets in agriculture has increased annually. The growth rate of this indicator in comparable prices for 2008-2010. amounted to the previous year 128.5%, 129.8% and 108.7% respectively. At the same time, the share of agriculture in the total volume of investments in fixed assets ranged from 14.6% in 2007 to 18.2% in 2009 (in current prices). In 2011, this figure was 12.5%, which is 4.7% less than in 2010 (17.2%).
The main role in the production of agricultural products is still played by agricultural organizations - 62.0-69.6% of the total (Fig. 2.2).
The second position is occupied by households. It is significant that in 2010 farms reached the maximum value for 5 years - 1% in the total volume of agricultural production.
Figure 2.2 - Structure of agricultural products by categories of farms.
The main branches of agriculture - crop production and animal husbandry - over the past 5 years in the republic occupied approximately the same share with a slight predominance of crop production: 52.6-56% and 44-47.4%, respectively (Table 2.2). At the same time, livestock production is leading in agricultural enterprises (56.2-60.8% in total production) over crop production (39.2-43.8%). At the same time, households and farms are mainly engaged in obtaining crop products (within 77-84%).
Table 2.2 - Agricultural output (on farms of all categories; as a percentage of total agricultural output)
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crop production |
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animal husbandry |
In recent years, agricultural production in Belarus tends to increase in all categories of farms (Table 2.3). Having reached a maximum in 2008, the growth rate subsequently declined and in 2010 amounted to 101.9%. But in 2011, the volume of agricultural products reached 106.6%.
Table 2.3 - Indices of the physical volume of agricultural production to the previous year (in comparable prices)
According to official statistics, in recent years in Belarus there has been a positive trend in increasing both the total volume of agricultural production and per 1 inhabitant and working in agriculture - in 2010, the figures exceeded 2006 by more than two times (Table 2.4 , Fig. 2.3). The maximum growth rate of crop production was observed in 2008 (141.4% against the previous year), the minimum - in 2009 (102.1%). Livestock products in 2010 were produced in the amount of 127.3% compared to the previous year. Interestingly, at current prices, more crop production was produced than livestock production.
Table 2. 4 - Production of agricultural products per capita and per worker in the industry
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Index |
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Produced agricultural products, billion rubles (at current prices) |
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Total, incl. |
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crop production |
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livestock |
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Agricultural products produced per 1 inhabitant, thousand rubles |
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Total, incl. |
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crop production |
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livestock |
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Agricultural products produced per 1 agricultural worker, thousand rubles |
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Total, incl. |
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crop production |
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livestock |
Figure 2.3 - Dynamics of agricultural production (in actual prices; billion rubles)
In the first half of 2012 in agriculture in farms of all categories, production in current prices amounted to 34,070.1 billion rubles. and increased compared to the corresponding period in 2011. in comparable prices by 5.1%.
In organizations engaged in agricultural activities, the volume of production for this period increased by 6.7%, while livestock products - by 7.8%, crop production - by 0.2%
Despite the positive dynamics in the development of agricultural production in Belarus, A. Gerasimenko in his research notes that under-reformed and inefficiently functioning agriculture is a burden on the state budget. The level of budget support for agriculture in Belarus (4.15% of GDP) is significantly higher than in other countries (Fig. 2.4). And the share of transfers, expressed as a percentage of value added in the agricultural sector, reaches 67% in our country, while in the EU this figure corresponds to 30%, in Canada - 34%, Russia - 30%.
Figure 2.4 - The level of budget support for agriculture in different countries of the world, % of GDP
Most of the support measures used in Belarus, according to the WTO classification, belong to the so-called “yellow box”, i.e. they distort production and trade. According to World Bank estimates, in 2008-2010 The “yellow box” in Belarus accounted for 86% of state support in total, which amounted to about 40% of agricultural GDP. The most significant item of expenditure (42%) falls on subsidizing interest rates on loans and the execution of state guarantees for their repayment. Subsidies for the purchase of inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, fuel) amounted to 28% of the total amount of the "yellow box". Leasing subsidies account for 12%, support for the production of certain types of agricultural products - 9%.
At the same time, support measures related to the "green box" (the least distorting production and trade) in 2010 received only 12% of the total funding. In the world, more than 70% of state support is for these purposes. At the same time, as follows from the World Bank report, the Belarusian "green box" is characterized by a low level of diversity and is limited to a set of basic public services aimed at maintaining the competitiveness of the sector. It is based on land reclamation and, to a lesser extent, spending on research, education and R&D.
In 2005-2011, the agrarian complex fully met the needs of the domestic food market of the country and, at the same time, was exported. As noted by S. Shapiro, export activity in the coming years will be a priority in the Belarusian agro-industrial complex. However, according to the author, the path to foreign food markets will not be easy. First, as the material well-being of the population grows, the requirements for the quality of food products are constantly increasing both in the domestic and foreign markets. Secondly, competition in foreign markets is intensifying due to the increased activity of a number of large developing countries: China, Brazil, Argentina and others. It should also be taken into account that the agricultural production in Russia is also gaining momentum.
To solve pressing problems in the agro-industrial complex, innovative measures are needed to ensure a significant increase in agricultural production with economic feasibility, expand its range and improve quality to the level of world standards.
In order to improve the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex, increase the income of the rural population and other socio-economic goals, the State Program for Sustainable Rural Development for 2011-2015 was developed and launched. It is envisaged that the efficiency of agricultural production will be increased due to:
Bringing the cost of production of agricultural raw materials and food to the standard level;
Increasing the productivity of agricultural sectors;
Development of the material base and technical and technological re-equipment of agro-industrial production;
Establishing the priority of economic indicators that characterize the profitability of production, profitability of sales of goods, products, works, services, return on investment.
It is assumed that by bringing costs to the normative level, about 1 trillion rubles will be saved. rub. Increasing the efficiency of the crop and livestock sectors should reduce the unit costs of agricultural production by 5-10%, which today is estimated at 1.5 trillion. rub., and ensure the growth of profitability of sales up to 11% in the whole country.
After analyzing the dynamics, composition, structure of socio-economic indicators of the agricultural sector, we can conclude that the state needs to focus more attention on increasing these indicators.
According to statistics, it is clearly seen how these indicators are falling every year: there is a tendency to reduce the number of labor resources in agriculture, the number of people employed in agriculture is declining, GDP is growing at a slow pace, it is necessary to increase agricultural production per capita.
Short description
The purpose of this work is to study the agro-industrial complex of Russia, identify current problems and prospects for further development.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set:
1. understand the essence of the agro-industrial complex
2. to study the actual state of the agro-industrial complex of Russia;
3. evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural production;
4. determine the essence of the main problems of the agro-industrial complex;
5. identify prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...3
1. Agricultural production is a special area of application
labor and capital ……………………………………………………………….6
1.1. The essence of the agro-industrial complex………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
1.2. Agrarian and technical revolution…………………………………………..10
1.3. Market relations in the agro-industrial complex………..........17
2. Analysis of the agro-industrial complex in modern Russia ………………………………………...23
2.1. State of the agro-industrial complex
in pre-market Russia ………………………………………………………23
2.2. The current state of agriculture in Russia……………..........28
2.3. Problems and development prospects
agro-industrial complex……………………………………....36
Conclusion………………………………………………………………….........47
Literature………………………………………………………………….........49
Attached files: 1 file
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...3
1. Agricultural production is a special area of application
labor and capital ……………………………………………………………….6
1.1. The essence of the agro-industrial complex………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
1.2. Agrarian and technical revolution…………………………………………..10
1.3. Market relations in the agro-industrial complex………..........17
2. Analysis of the agro-industrial complex in modern Russia ………………………………………...23
2.1. State of the agro-industrial complex
in pre-market Russia ………………………………………………………23
2.2. The current state of agriculture in Russia……………..........28
2.3. Problems and development prospects
agro-industrial complex……………………………………....36
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….........47
Literature………………………………………………………………….........49
Introduction
Agrarian labor is the initial and determining principle of all social production. In relation to society, it is entirely necessary labor, creating a product that satisfies primary needs.
The law of rarity manifested itself for the first time in agricultural production. Both the resources of agricultural production (primarily soils suitable for agriculture) and the material goods created here are in limited quantities, they are relatively rare. Production capacity is limited, and primary needs cannot be replaced. The law of substitution does not apply to them. Therefore, at any historically specific moment, any society can allocate to all other types of production. Moreover, in order to maintain economic security, each country strives for self-sufficiency in food, at least at a minimum level.
The relevance of the topic lies in the difficult situation of the agricultural sector, which is explained by the general decline in production, the rupture of economic ties, the lack of a scientifically based concept of the legal framework in the implementation of market reforms, as well as the financial and credit mechanism that creates economic conditions for expanded reproduction, which led to deconstruction the entire existing system.
The current situation in the agro-industrial complex is characterized by crisis factors. The main reason for the resulting imbalance in the agricultural system was the radical transformation of ownership of the means of production. The organizational and legal forms of collective enterprises have changed, the sector of individual entrepreneurship in the countryside has been developed. Agriculture, with its labor-intensive production, can solve one of the most acute social problems - the employment of the population.
Consequently, the problem arises of developing a mechanism for economic relations between the state, subjects of agricultural production and commercial structures in order to develop new adequate approaches to providing investment resources to the agricultural sector of the economy. At the same time, the expansion of the scope of economic methods of state returnable provision with funds from enterprises of the agricultural sector can become a real source of maintaining their resource potential as the most economical and effective way to support the industry.
The degree of development of this topic is quite high. In the economic literature, there are a variety of concepts and approaches to the study of the problem of the foundations of a market economy and the formation of an economic mechanism in the agro-industrial complex. General issues of the theory of market economy and economic mechanism were studied by A. Smith, F. Bastiat, J. Proudhon, K. Marx, J. Keynes, as well as in the works of Barr R., Galbraith J.K., Drucker P., Larrens F. .B., Leontiev, D.D., Samuelson P., Friedman M. and others.
The problem of the formation and development of market relations of the economy and the economic mechanism, its individual aspects, in particular, the features of their development in the agro-industrial complex, the economic nature, essence and content of self-supporting relations are considered in the works of such scientists - economists as Abalkin L.I., Barnekova T. K., Bronshein M.K., Buzdalov I., Buzgalin A.V., Belousov V.M., Voitov A.G., Emelyanov A., Esina A.I., Kamaev V.D., Nikiforov A. .A., Serkov A., Smirnova A.D. and others.
The study of the problems of the economic mechanism, the influence of its individual elements on the level of production efficiency, i.e. the relationship and interdependence of the economic mechanism and the efficiency of social production are presented in the works of A. Gataulin, K. Koluzanov, R. Kravchenko, A. Malyshev, V. Medvedev and other authors.
Boev V.R., Borkhunov N., Volf G., Gorodetsky E.S., Gorlopanova V.V. Dobrynin V., Lukinov I.I., Orlov Ya.G., Petrikov A., Romanov A., Ushachev I.G., Sagaydak E.A. and others.
In the works of these authors, there is a discussion about the economic mechanism in a market economy, the role of the state in a market economy, the infrastructure of a market economy, agrarian reform and the market. At the same time, scientific studies of the key issues of this problem remain incomplete and require further in-depth clarification, analysis, theoretical and practical justification.
The purpose of this work is to study the agro-industrial complex of Russia, identify current problems and prospects for further development.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set:
1. understand the essence of the agro-industrial complex
2. to study the actual state of the agro-industrial complex of Russia;
3. evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural production;
4. determine the essence of the main problems of the agro-industrial complex;
5. identify prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex
1. Agricultural production is a special area for the application of labor and capital
1.1. The essence of the agro-industrial complex
The formation of the agro-industrial complex is due to the development of productive forces, the deepening of specialization in the sectors of the national economy, and the strengthening of ties between agriculture and industry in order to increase the efficiency of social production.
The term "agro-industrial complex" appeared for the first time in our country in the late 60s of the last century. But the development of agro-industrial integration in Russia began in the late 1920s with the formation of agro-industrial plants that produced, processed and sold one type of agricultural product. However, the weak material and technical base, the political and economic situation and other reasons did not contribute to its further development. Only in the early 1970s did the integration of agricultural and industrial production become widespread.
The agro-industrial complex (AIC) is a set of sectors of the national economy interconnected by economic relations regarding the production, distribution, exchange, processing and consumption of agricultural products. It includes industries that provide the production of agricultural products, their processing, storage and sale, the production of means of production for the agro-industrial complex and its maintenance. About 80 sectors of the national economy directly and indirectly participate in the agro-industrial complex at various stages of production and circulation. Of the industrial sectors, it includes: the food industry, which includes the food industry (sugar, baking, confectionery, pasta, oil and fat, fruits and vegetables), meat, dairy, flour and cereals and feed industries; light industry (textile, leather and fur, footwear); mechanical engineering for the agro-industrial complex, etc.
The main branch of the agro-industrial complex is agriculture. In the earlier stages of the social division of labor, agriculture had only two branches - agriculture and animal husbandry. In the future, beet growing, vegetable growing, horticulture, cattle breeding, pig breeding, etc. gradually emerged into independent industries. All of them differ in the type of products manufactured, technology, organization of production, systems of machines used.
The agro-industrial complex is a complex diversified production and economic system, which includes three main areas.
The first sphere includes industries that provide the agro-industrial complex with the means of production: tractor and agricultural engineering, machine building for the food and light industries, the production of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products, repair of equipment and machinery, and construction. The first sphere of the complex, in essence, determines the industrialization and intensification of production, both in agriculture and in other sectors of the agro-industrial complex. This area accounts for about 10% of the final product and 15% of fixed production assets, 20% of the number of employees in the agro-industrial complex.
The second sphere is represented by agriculture and is the central link of the entire agro-industrial complex. Agriculture receives production resources from 80 industries and supplies its own products to 60 industries. Each worker in agricultural production provides employment for five more people outside of it. Almost 50% of the final product is produced in this area and about 65% of production fixed assets and 60% of the number of employees of the agro-industrial complex are concentrated.
The third sphere includes a set of industries and enterprises that provide procurement, transportation, storage, processing of agricultural raw materials, as well as the sale of the final product. This area includes the food industry (food flavoring, dairy and meat), light industry (textile, leather and fur and footwear), feed industry, procurement and trade organizations. Most of the industries in this area are multifunctional. Thus, in the absence of agricultural goods, freight transport can be relatively easily re-profiled for the transportation of other goods, the textile industry can work on imported raw materials, and the shoe industry on synthetic ones. Therefore, the inclusion of these industries in the agro-industrial complex is possible only when it can be sufficiently profitable. On the other hand, agricultural enterprises are generally limited in their choice of appropriate third-level enterprises. This entails an unreasonable underestimation of purchase prices and the inclusion in the text of business contracts of conditions that put service enterprises in a more advantageous position than manufacturing enterprises. The share of the third sphere accounts for 40% of the total volume of final products, 20% of all production fixed assets and the number of employees in the agro-industrial complex.
As part of the agro-industrial complex, an important place is occupied by the infrastructure that serves all areas of the agro-industrial complex.
Infrastructure is a complex of sectors of the national economy that provide conditions for reproduction. It contributes to the normal functioning of agro-industrial complex enterprises and obtaining the largest amount of final products. Without producing goods on their own, infrastructure industries largely determine the final results of production.
Infrastructure is usually divided into two areas: industrial and social.
The production infrastructure includes sectors that serve agro-industrial production: transport, communications, logistics organizations, plant protection stations, computer centers, etc.
Social infrastructure - industries that ensure the normal labor activity of workers and contribute to the reproduction of the labor force. It includes housing and communal services, medical and children's institutions, catering organizations, labor protection services, sports and recreation areas, recreation areas, etc.
The result of the activities of the industrial infrastructure sectors are services for direct production, social - services to improve living standards and improve working conditions and recreation for the population.
The most important conditions for the dynamic development of the agro-industrial complex are the proportionality and balance of all three areas. By the contribution to the cost of the final product of each area, one can judge the disproportions in the structure of the agro-industrial complex. In developed countries, the bulk of the value of the final product is created in the third area. It provides a comprehensive non-waste processing of agricultural raw materials, their storage, packaging and packaging of finished products. So, in the USA, up to 80% of the retail value of the product is created in this area, in our complex - no more than 40%.
Final product - part of the value of gross output (goods and services) minus its production consumption. Under the final product understand the products that go beyond this link. The end product at the enterprise level is no different from the marketable product. The final product of the agro-industrial complex includes products created in all areas of production, used for final consumption and export.
Depending on the intended use of the final product, the agro-industrial complex is divided into food and non-food complexes. The largest share of final products is created in the food complex. It includes industries and enterprises of all areas of the agro-industrial complex that are engaged in the production and bringing food to consumption.
- KUGARCHINSKY DISTRICT
- THE SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
- REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN
- AGRIBUSINESS
- MUNICIPALITY
- AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
- AGRICULTURE
The article discusses the development of agriculture in the Republic of Bashkortostan on the example of the municipal program of the Kugarchinsky district.
- Agribusiness in Russia in the current economic environment
- Message of the President of the Russian Federation as an instrument of public administration
- Efficiency of Human Resource Management in the System of Economic Security
- The practice of anti-corruption activities: a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign experience
- Development of agribusiness in the agro-industrial complex of the municipality
The basis of the food security of any state is the healthy state of the country's agro-industrial complex. Agriculture is considered one of several main areas of material production. It plays an important role in the life of the state and society - it produces raw materials for food and light industry, supplies residents with food. Therefore, it is important that all components of a single mechanism of agriculture work smoothly and smoothly, the citizens of the country can purchase quality products, and agricultural producers have every opportunity for this.
There are 85 constituent entities in the Russian Federation, and the contribution of each of them is of great importance and influence on the prosperity of the country's agro-industrial complex.
The Republic of Bashkortostan is by far one of the largest agricultural regions in Russia, which over the past few years has been ranked first in terms of gross regional product. Due to its geographical location, production potential and scientific and technical level, the republic has a favorable climate and low risks for business, and occupies a leading position among other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Agriculture plays a key role in the economic environment in the region.
Enormous support for the entire region as a whole, through the creation of an effective strategy for the development of agriculture, is provided by the state. Also, the development of agribusiness in municipalities is actively supported in the republic, which makes it possible to successfully develop various forms of management.
There are also some problems of the agro-industrial complex, for the solution of which various ways of solving them are being created. For example, the state program "Development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets in the Republic of Bashkortostan" is aimed at the unified formation of absolutely all spheres and areas of work of the agro-industrial complex, taking into account the entry of the Russian Federation into the World Trade Organization. In this regard, two levels of priorities have been identified, related to different areas and directions.
The first level includes the following areas:
- production - cattle breeding (meat and milk) as a system-forming sub-sector that uses competitive advantages, mainly the presence of significant areas of agricultural land;
- economy - increase in profits of agricultural producers;
- formation of production opportunities - melioration of agricultural areas, the introduction into circulation of unused arable land and other categories of agricultural land;
- institutions - the formation of integration relationships in the agro-industrial complex and the development of product subcomplexes, territorial clusters;
- personnel and scientific sphere - development of innovations in agriculture;
- social sphere - sustainable formation of rural areas as an indispensable condition for saving labor resources, creating conditions to ensure the financial and physical availability of food based on optimal food consumption rates for vulnerable segments of the population.
The second level includes:
- more active development of import substitution;
- environmental safety of food and products produced by agriculture;
- optimization of the competitiveness of products under the conditions of accession to the WTO and reduction of logistics costs.
This program has been developed for the period up to 2020, and the dynamics of the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Bashkortostan at this time will be formed under the influence of various factors.
Using the example of the program “Development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets in the municipal district of the Kugarchinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan”, we can take a closer look at all the pros and cons of the development of the agro-industrial complex of the republic and the municipality in recent years.
Analyzing the state of agriculture in the region over the past 8 years, it is possible to identify many factors that "knocked down" the development of the agro-industrial complex of Bashkortostan and the Russian Federation as a whole: the macroeconomic situation, the global financial and economic crisis of 2009-2010, the drought of 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2014, which led to a negative dynamics in the lending structure, the imposition of sanctions against the Russian Federation in 2014-2015.
At this stage, it is necessary to correct the situation: it is necessary to master new technologies and upgrade equipment for industries that process agricultural raw materials, increase production volumes, acreage, and livestock. It is necessary to reduce lending rates for agricultural producers, which, for example, was mentioned in his Address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin at the end of 2016, to simplify inflationary processes and, if possible, increase public funding, which, on the contrary, has decreased compared to previous years due to many factors, including Russia's accession to the WTO.
Despite the negative factors, there is still a gradual improvement in the situation and a decrease in tension in the field of agricultural production, which was achieved by redirecting all efforts to strengthen, improve and develop domestic products, which in turn reduced risks and created conditions for the smooth development of the agricultural sector of the economy , increasing the competitiveness of Russian products on the market within the country and abroad.
The greater independence given to the regions will make it possible to correctly and logically redirect the allocated subsidies to those areas of the agro-industrial complex that need them more urgently. Since it is much more difficult to solve and do this centrally, because each region has its own characteristics and problems that must be solved individually by the leadership of this subject.
In order to successfully solve strategic tasks to increase the potential of the agricultural sector economy and implement the state program within the municipality "Development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets in the Republic of Bashkortostan", measures are being taken to improve the quality and standard of living in rural areas, as well as to attract more qualified specialists and upgrading the skills of employees already working in the industry.
To date, we can say that the agro-industrial complex of the entire Russian Federation as a whole is developing steadily and step by step. The state tries to support its subjects, and those, in turn, support their municipalities, and vice versa. In other words, the state depends on the state in which the municipal districts are located, which are an integral part of the functioning of the state economy, which affects this state of the municipalities.
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Russia has a huge land fund - 1707.5 million hectares, but the land area used in agriculture - arable land, hayfields, pastures and perennial plantings (orchards and vineyards) is only 209.0 million hectares. Nevertheless, after China and the USA, our country ranks 3rd in the world in terms of agricultural land area Rodionova IA, Economic Geography. M., Exam. 2003. P.672. .
That is why constant control by the state is necessary. The problem of regulation of the agro-industrial complex by the state is considered through theory and practice. The theoretical side defines the principles of state regulation of reproduction in agriculture, the practical one - tools and directions in this area.
State regulation in the agro-industrial complex is a process of direct or indirect influence of the state on the distribution of resources and the formation of production proportions in order to stabilize and ensure its sustainable development. The state enters here as the head of social relations, as well as the subject of market relations.
The essence of state regulation of the sustainability of reproduction in the agro-industrial complex is revealed in its functions.
First of all, this is the function of forming effective qualified subjects of market relations - real owners, entrepreneurs, marketers, managers, sellers, buyers, etc. The function of maintaining a stable demand for food products and their supply is very important.
This is achieved through the formation and maintenance of a price system that stimulates the supply and demand for potentially competitive food products of domestic producers. The state, further, encourages the creation of a system of infrastructural support for the functioning of markets for land, material and technical resources, capital, food products.
It ensures the entry of agribusiness entities as equal sellers and buyers into the system of the global food market. Finally, government regulation contributes to the scientific and staffing of sustainable reproduction in the agro-industrial complex V.I. Kushlin. State regulation of the market economy, M., Economics, 2005. P 46.
The Government of the Russian Federation plans to gradually transfer the bulk of agricultural subsidies from the federal to the regional level, which, however, may lead to a decrease in the overall level of state support for agricultural producers and the creation of additional regional barriers to the sale of agricultural products.
Certain conditions are necessary in this case, the measures of these economic conditions for the functioning of agriculture are provided for in the draft strategy for the development of the agro-industrial complex and fisheries until 2015, the implementation of which should be carried out on the basis of the federal law on the development of agriculture, the draft of which is still being finalized.
Considering the project, it is obvious that it formulates the main problems of the development of the agricultural sector. It defines the main directions of their solution:
Development of grain export; accelerated development of animal husbandry in the mode of import substitution in domestic markets;
Increasing the competitiveness of the fishery complex;
Sustainable development of rural areas. In addition, the criteria for their decision are outlined. For these purposes, it is envisaged to develop and implement federal targeted programs: “Improving the efficiency and developing the resource potential of agriculture”; "Improving the efficiency of use and development of the resource potential of the fishery complex."
The implementation of these programs is planned to be carried out with the involvement of federal budget funds.
Price disparity is the main problem in the complex of ongoing state measures to regulate agro-industrial production. Basic measures are needed to overcome them. If the problem of price disparity is not resolved, regardless of how and by whom the incomes of agricultural producers, budget subsidies are supported, the funds received by them as a result of the formation of possible additional demand for agricultural products will be withdrawn from the industry through the channels of intersectoral relations due to the existing non-equivalence in relations between agriculture and related sectors of the economy.
One of the main functions of state support is the formation of a sustainable demand for food and agricultural raw materials for industry, taking into account their progressive structure, needs depending on age, work activity, region of residence and solvent demand of the population, orientation of the processing industry to use agricultural products as raw materials Russia. In order to implement this, the state influences the formation of incomes for the main groups of the population, while maintaining the required level of pensions, benefits, etc. for those groups of the population that can no longer or cannot yet receive the appropriate income. At the same time, the state is obliged to create conditions and opportunities for effective employment of the able-bodied population.
Creation of infrastructure for the sustainable functioning of the markets for land, material and technical resources, capital is also one of the main functions of the state in strengthening support for the effective functioning of agricultural production. It is necessary to stimulate production, which is one of the important conditions that the state fulfills. It is important to provide support in organizing the export of competitive agricultural products of commodity producers, as well as the creation of a mechanism to protect them from suppression by foreign importers.
The state can perform these and other functions of supporting efficient agricultural production if the system of this support is based on the implementation of the following principles of its organization - Figure 1.
Figure 1 - Principles of state regulation of agricultural production
Consider the principles of regulation.
The principle of unity of economic and social goals is quite important: state regulation measures should be oriented both towards solving economic problems and take into account the priorities and values of the villagers, the population, behavior patterns of various groups, socio-psychological and national development characteristics.
Another principle is a combination of indicativeness and directiveness in the management of the agrarian sphere, which assumes that the methods of regulation in a market economy apply to public sector enterprises in case the need arises (for example, drought, earthquake, flood, etc.).
The principle of agrarian protectionism. It has two aspects: internal economic, which concerns the relationship of the agrarian complex with other industries, and external economic, which is associated with the export and import of agricultural products. Purchasing abroad food, feed, seeds, even of better quality, in times of crisis has a negative impact on the financial condition of domestic agricultural producers.
However, the principles under consideration often need to be supplemented.
The Russian economy is characterized by a complex combination of different industries - large, with a tendency to monopoly structures, and small ones.
On the one hand, a steady trend is the process of concentration of production, since only large enterprises have large material, financial and labor resources.
On the other hand, there is currently a great growth of small and medium-sized businesses, especially in areas that do not require large investments, equipment and labor resources. A fairly large number of small and medium-sized enterprises exist in industries related to the production of consumer goods, including agricultural products. The development of enterprises involves the use of different forms of ownership. Thus, it is obvious that state regulation should be based on the principle of equal support for enterprises of all forms of ownership.
The main content of state regulation of production in the agricultural sector is the financial and material support of agricultural enterprises by the state. However, here it is important to exclude the possibility of using such support to compensate for losses from inefficient production. Therefore, it is advisable to single out such an important principle of state regulation as economic incentives for efficiently operating enterprises.
In order to protect the agricultural producer in economic terms, the state forms and maintains a price system that stimulates sustainable supply and demand for food and other products and goods. The effectiveness of this function depends on measures to overcome the price disparity, the adverse impact of monopoly structures in various areas of the agro-industrial complex on agriculture.
The principles of state regulation are manifested in specific methods, directions and tools to achieve the goals.
They will unite into three groups: legal, administrative and organizational and economic (Figure 2).
Figure 2 - groups of principles of state regulation
The first two, based on the use of control methods and restrictions on the part of both central and regional authorities, include: control over compliance with standards; a system for licensing the production, processing and sale of grain; establishment of quotas and customs duties for the export and import of grain, as well as grain processing products; establishment by law of norms and rules of economic activity of market participants; setting threshold prices for grain; determination of priority directions for the development of industries and their investment; establishing a relationship between the price of raw materials and profitability for processing enterprises, etc.
Economic methods are: direct (budget) and indirect (monetary).
In accordance with the Federal Law "On the state regulation of agro-industrial production", the main directions of economic methods are: the formation and functioning of the market for agricultural products, raw materials and food; financing, lending, insurance, preferential taxation; protection of the interests of domestic producers in the implementation of foreign economic activity; development of science and implementation of scientific activities in the field of agro-industrial production; development of the social sphere of the village.
The considered directions form the economic state regulation of agricultural production, which includes: financial and credit regulation; tax regulation; price regulation.
Financial and credit regulation of the agro-industrial complex is now one of the main links in the state economic regulation of the agro-industrial complex. Its purpose is the distribution and use of financial and credit resources of the national economy.
State financing of the agro-industrial complex is determined by Art. 3 of the Law "On State Regulation of Agro-Industrial Production", which provides for the distribution of federal budget funds in three areas: the implementation of state targeted programs; budget support for agricultural production; insurance.
Due to the fact that the tasks in the field of regulation of agricultural production can be reduced to providing, it is necessary to consider the level of profitability of rural producers, as well as the level of development of rural areas, the instruments of state regulation of agricultural production can be divided into two groups: tools to improve the efficiency of agricultural production; tools to ensure the social protection of the rural population and the development of social and industrial infrastructure in rural areas.
So, state support for the agro-industrial complex involves the support and effective use of state aid funds.
The state needs to create new conditions for the formation, as well as the sustainable maintenance of price parity for agricultural products and industrial means of production for the countryside, for funds for the fund-forming sectors of the agro-industrial complex, the products of these industries, for crop and livestock products.
In addition, state guarantees are needed for the sale of basic types of food products that come at prices below the established ones, financing for sustainable reproduction and soil fertility.
Today, more than ever, we need antimonopoly state regulation, support for innovation and investment activities in accordance with the technical and technological state of the agro-industrial complex, assistance in the reproduction of breeding stock, and in the development of elite seed production. The economic protection of agricultural producers of competition from food importers is also important. And, in addition, it is necessary to effectively introduce a system of insurance of production results in the agro-industrial complex.
